Landlord EPC Fines: Penalties for Non‑Compliance (2025 Update)

If you’re a landlord in England or Wales, the risk isn’t just that a poor EPC rating makes your rental harder to let – in many cases, letting below the minimum EPC standard is a civil offence that can lead to fines and public naming.

This guide explains:

• When landlords can be fined for EPC non‑compliance
• Typical penalty levels and how they’re calculated
• What enforcement looks like in practice
• How to minimise your risk and respond if you’re contacted

For the full rules, exemptions and 2030 outlook, start with EPC Rules for Landlords in 2025–2030 and EPC Exemptions for Landlords: When You Don’t Need to Comply.

1. When can landlords be fined over EPCs?

Local authorities can usually impose penalties where a landlord:

• Lets or continues to let a domestic rental property that fails to meet the minimum EPC rating (currently band E), without a valid exemption; or
• Fails to comply with an enforcement notice, or
• Provides false or misleading information on the PRS Exemptions Register.

In practice, that might include:

• Advertising or renewing a tenancy for a property with EPC F or G and no exemption.
• Ignoring a requirement to bring a property up to E or above.
• Claiming an exemption without the required evidence.

The precise enforcement approach can vary by council, but the underlying powers are similar.

2. How much are EPC fines for landlords?

Penalty levels are set locally within national frameworks, but as a rough guide, fines can run into thousands of pounds per property. In many cases, penalties are:

• Per breach, not per landlord – multiple non‑compliant properties can mean multiple fines.
• Time‑linked, with different fines for different breach periods (e.g. 3 months vs longer).

Authorities may also:

• Publish details of non‑compliant landlords on public registers, damaging reputation.

Because local policies differ and can be updated, always check the latest detail from your local authority or through professional advice – especially if you receive an enforcement notice.

3. How do councils know a landlord is non‑compliant?

Enforcement is often intelligence‑led. Councils can identify potential cases by:

• Cross‑referencing EPC data with tenancy deposit or licensing records.
• Looking at property advertising on portals and agents’ sites.
• Responding to tenant complaints about cold or hard‑to‑heat homes.
• Checking compliance during HMO or selective licensing processes.

Once a potential breach is identified, they may:

• Request information and documents from the landlord or agent.
• Inspect properties or review licences and certificates.

4. What does EPC enforcement look like in practice?

The process typically follows stages:

1. Information request – the council writes asking for proof of EPC rating and/or exemptions.
2. Compliance notice – if they believe there’s a breach, they may issue a notice setting out the contravention and required actions.
3. Penalty notice – if you don’t respond or remain in breach, a civil penalty can be issued, often with a right to make representations or appeal.

During this process, you may be expected to:

• Provide copies of EPCs, exemption registration details and relevant correspondence.
• Demonstrate steps you’re taking to improve performance or meet obligations.

Ignoring correspondence is rarely a good strategy – it’s better to respond promptly and clearly.

5. How to reduce your risk of EPC fines

You can dramatically cut your risk by:

1. Auditing your portfolio using our EPC checker to identify any F or G properties, and those close to the minimum.
2. Prioritising improvements for at‑risk homes using:
   • How to Improve EPC from E to D
   • How to Improve EPC from D to C
   • 27 Ways to Improve Your EPC Rating
3. Ensuring any exemptions are properly supported and registered – see EPC Exemptions for Landlords: When You Don’t Need to Comply.
4. Keeping EPCs up to date, especially at key transaction points (new tenancies, remortgages, sales).

It’s also wise to embed EPC checks into your letting and renewal processes, so properties are never advertised or re‑let without a compliant rating or registered exemption.

6. What if I receive an EPC enforcement or penalty notice?

If you get a letter or notice from your local authority:

1. Read it carefully and note deadlines – there is usually a timeframe to respond or appeal.
2. Gather relevant documents:
   • Current and previous EPCs.
   • Evidence of improvement works (invoices, photos, reports).
   • Copies of any exemption applications and supporting evidence.
3. Consider whether there’s a genuine exemption case you’ve not yet registered, and address this quickly if appropriate.
4. Take professional advice if the situation is complex or the sums involved are large.

Even if you’re in breach, showing that you’re taking active steps to improve the property can sometimes influence how enforcement is handled.

7. EPC fines vs exemptions vs improvements

At a high level, landlords have three broad options:

• Improve the property to meet or exceed the minimum EPC rating.
• Register a valid exemption where improvements are genuinely impractical or unreasonable.
• Ignore the rules – which is where fines come into play.

In most cases, the first or second options are preferable. Continuing to let non‑compliant property without an exemption can be a false economy, exposing you to ongoing enforcement, reputational damage and potential future regulatory tightening.

For help weighing up improvements vs exemptions:

• Read EPC Rules for Landlords in 2025–2030.
• Use EPC Exemptions for Landlords: When You Don’t Need to Comply to understand legitimate exemption routes.

8. Looking ahead to 2030 and beyond

Even though the precise EPC C timetable for rentals has been in flux, the direction is clear:

• Energy‑inefficient rentals will face increasing scrutiny.
• Tenants, lenders and regulators are all moving in the same direction – towards warmer, more efficient homes.

Upgrading now can:

• Reduce your exposure to future penalties.
• Help you avoid a last‑minute scramble if standards tighten.
• Protect the value and marketability of your portfolio.

9. FAQs

Can I be fined for not having any EPC at all?

Yes. In most cases you must have a valid EPC when marketing or letting a property, and failure to provide one can itself lead to penalties, separate from minimum‑standard breaches. Always ensure an EPC is in place and valid before advertising a rental.

Can I be fined if my tenant refuses access for improvements?

Potentially yes, if you don’t handle it correctly. You should make reasonable efforts to obtain consent and document refusals. In some cases, you may be able to register a consent exemption – see EPC Exemptions for Landlords: When You Don’t Need to Comply.

Are fines per property or per landlord?

Penalties are generally applied per property and breach, not per landlord. A portfolio with several non‑compliant properties can therefore face multiple fines.

How do I know if my EPC is still valid?

Check the date of assessment on the certificate – EPCs are typically valid for 10 years. If yours is older, you’ll need a new assessment. Our guide Is My EPC Still Valid? explains how to check and when to renew.

What should I do now to avoid EPC fines?

1. Audit your rental properties using our EPC checker.
2. Fix any obvious non‑compliance (F or G ratings without exemptions).
3. Build a phased plan to move E‑rated homes to D and then C, using the improvement guides above.
4. Keep EPCs, exemptions and correspondence organised so you can respond quickly if a local authority contacts you.

Taking EPC compliance seriously now is almost always cheaper – and less stressful – than dealing with fines and urgent remedial work later.